The study investigates the ultrafast dynamics of 2-thiouracil using time-resolved Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The researchers successfully identified absorption features corresponding to the S2 (ππ*) and S1 (nπ*) electronic states. They determined the time scale for the internal conversion from the S2 to the S1 state to be 102 ± 11 femtoseconds. The experiments were conducted at the Free Electron Laser FLASH.